The 1999 eruption of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska: monitoring a distant eruption     

C. Nye  T. Keith  J. Eichelberger  T. Miller  S. McNutt  S. Moran  D. Schneider  J. Dehn  J. Schaefer 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2002,64(8):507-519

Shishaldin Volcano, in the central Aleutian volcanic arc, became seismically restless during the summer of 1998. Increasing unrest was monitored using a newly installed seismic network, weather satellites, and rare local visual observations. The unrest culminated in large eruptions on 19 April and 22-23 April 1999. The opening phase of the 19 April eruption produced a sub-Plinian column that rose to 16 km before rapidly dissipating. About 80 min into the 19 April event we infer that the eruption style transitioned to vigorous Strombolian fountaining. Exceptionally vigorous seismic tremor heralded the 23 April eruption, which produced a large thermal anomaly observable by satellite, but only a modest, 6-km-high plume. There are no ground-based visual observations of this eruption; however we infer that there was renewed, vigorous Strombolian fountaining. Smaller low-level ash-rich plumes were produced through the end of May 1999. The lava that erupted was evolved basalt with about 49% SiO₂. Subsequent field investigations have been unable to find a distinction between deposits from each of the two major eruptive episodes.  相似文献   

The feeling of participation: Everyday spaces and urban change     

Eleanor Jupp 《Geoforum》2008,39(1):331-343

Initiatives around ‘public participation’ and ‘community involvement’ have become increasingly central to UK government policy programmes, particularly within interventions aimed at disadvantaged neighbourhoods. These initiatives have been the subject of extensive critical comment, essentially focusing on the ways in which power is often maintained by state agencies, whatever the surrounding rhetoric. This article attempts to consider what more productive forms of participation might feel like, through drawing on fieldwork with two small community groups on housing estates in Stoke-on-Trent, UK, to look at how and why they were able to generate successful participation in their activities. The importance of the small-scale interactions and feelings that made up their spaces of participation is explored. These can be characterised through ideas such as ‘feeling comfortable’, ‘feeling at home’, ‘helping out’ and ‘keeping going’, and involve everyday sociability and informal forms of volunteering. If government is serious about supporting political participation in such contexts it needs to consider how official projects might learn from these kinds of spaces.  相似文献   

Reflections on Progression in Learning about Place     

Eleanor Rawling 《The Journal of geography》2018,117(3):128-132

This commentary is a response to Larsen and Harrington's article titled "Developing a Learning Progression for Place" (2018). Within the author focuses learning progressions, subject structure, and the challenge of place complexity.  相似文献   

A modelling study of the influence of environment and food supply on survival of Crassostrea gigas larvae     

Hofmann  Eileen E; Powell  Eric N; Bochenek  Eleanor A; Klinck  John M 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2004,61(4):596-616

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Likely effects of construction of Scroby Sands offshore wind farm on a mixed population of harbour Phoca vitulina and grey Halichoerus grypus seals     

Skeate ER  Perrow MR  Gilroy JJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(4):872-881

Scroby Sands offshore wind farm was built close to a haul-out and breeding site for harbour seal, a species of conservation concern. An aerial survey programme conducted during a five-year period spanning wind farm construction, revealed a significant post-construction decline in haul-out counts. Multivariate model selection suggested that the decline was not related to the environmental factors considered, nor did it mirror wider population trends. Although cause and effect could not be unequivocally established, the theoretical basis of hearing in pinnipeds and previous studies suggested that extreme noise (to 257 dB re 1 μ Pa(pp) @ 1m) generated by pile-driving of turbine bases led to displacement of seals. A lack of full recovery of harbour seal during the study was also linked to their sensitivity to vessel activity and/or rapid colonisation of competing grey seal. Any impact of offshore wind farm development upon pinnipeds would be much reduced without pile-driving.  相似文献   

How to build a continental scale fireball camera network     

Robert M. Howie  Jonathan Paxman  Philip A. Bland  Martin C. Towner  Martin Cupak  Eleanor K. Sansom  Hadrien A. R. Devillepoix 《Experimental Astronomy》2017,43(3):237-266

The expansion of the Australian Desert Fireball Network has been enabled by the development of a new digital fireball observatory based around a consumer digital camera. The observatories are more practical and much more cost effective than previous solutions whilst retaining high imaging performance. This was made possible through a flexible concurrent design approach, a careful focus on design for manufacture and assembly, and by considering installation and maintenance early in the design process. A new timing technique for long exposure fireball observatories was also developed to remove the need for a separate timing subsystem and data integration from multiple instruments. A liquid crystal shutter is used to modulate light transmittance during the long exposure which embeds a timecode into the fireball images for determining fireball arrival times and velocities. Using these observatories, the Desert Fireball Network has expanded to cover approximately 2.5 million square kilometres (around one third of Australia). The observatory and network design has been validated via the recovery of the Murrili Meteorite in South Australia through a systematic search at the end of 2015 and the calculation of a pre-atmospheric entry orbit. This article presents an overview of the design, implementation and performance of the new fireball observatories.  相似文献   

A novel approach to fireball modeling: The observable and the calculated          下载免费PDF全文

Eleanor Kate Sansom  Philip Bland  Jonathan Paxman  Martin Towner 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2015,50(8):1423-1435

Estimating the mass of a meteoroid passing through the Earth's atmosphere is essential to determining potential meteorite fall positions. High‐resolution fireball images from dedicated camera networks provide the position and timing for fireball bright flight trajectories. There are two established mass determination methods: the photometric and the dynamic. A new approach is proposed, based on the dynamic method. A dynamic optimization initially constrains unknown meteoroid characteristics which are then used in a parametric model for an extended Kalman filter. The extended Kalman filter estimates the position, velocity, and mass of the meteoroid body throughout its flight, and quantitatively models uncertainties. Uncertainties have not previously been modeled so explicitly and are essential for determining fall distributions for potential meteorites. This two‐step method aims to automate the process of mass determination for application to any trajectory data set and has been applied to observations of the Bunburra Rockhole fireball. The new method naturally handles noisy raw data. Initial and terminal bright flight mass results are consistent with other works based on the established photometric method and cosmic ray analysis. A full analysis of fragmentation and the variability in the heat‐transfer coefficient will be explored in future versions of the model.  相似文献   

Clearing the muddy waters: using lake sediment records to inform agricultural management     

Adam Carson  Eleanor Jennings  Suzanne Linnane  Siobhán N. Jordan 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2015,53(1):1-15

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Preface     

Nye Evans  Barry Smalley 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2002,279(1-2):1-2

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Preferred response of the East Asian summer monsoon to local and non-local anthropogenic sulphur dioxide emissions     

Buwen Dong  Rowan T. Sutton  Eleanor J. Highwood  Laura J. Wilcox 《Climate Dynamics》2016,46(5-6):1733-1751

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